Free Ebook The Greek Sophists (Penguin Classics)
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Free Ebook The Greek Sophists (Penguin Classics)
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About the Author
JOHN DILLON is now Regius Professor of Greek at Trinity College, Dublin. TANIA GERGEL is a lecturer in Ancient Greek Philosophy in the Department of Classics at King's College, London.
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Product details
Series: Penguin Classics
Paperback: 464 pages
Publisher: Penguin Classics; 1st edition (October 28, 2003)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0140436898
ISBN-13: 978-0140436891
Product Dimensions:
5.2 x 1.1 x 7.8 inches
Shipping Weight: 13.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.0 out of 5 stars
7 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#597,211 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
We remember them today mostly as the amoral opponents of Socrates and Plato, but they have enjoyed something of a resurgence recently as philosophers in their own right. Sadly, most of what we know about them come from their critics, as few of their own works survive. This book collects every single passing reference from antiquity, with very little consideration given to how trivial it is, and organizes them by sophist and general category. This makes it feel like we're reading a card catalogue of notes, rather than a finished book at times. The few complete essays that survived are reproduced in their entirety and are quite wonderful.
To start off, it's important to note that I alight this work closely with a comparable Penguin Classics work: "The Presocratic Philosophers." Like that work (by another author), this work gathers fragmentary testimony from a variety of ancient sources to piece together the lives and doctrines of various sophistic figures.From my perspective, this work suceeds as well as the Presocratic work: it is readable, thorough in its coverage of characters, and features many extant Sophist fragments in full (Gorgia's Economium of Helen was a personal favorite). Although this work is by two editors, the work is seamless and unified.This book is lacking one Sophist: Isocrates. Despite attempts to justify this action, I feel that editors have created an incomplete volume by excluding this thinker.
Nicely organized and commented. Great edition!
thanks
Good book, but confusing af lol. Couldn't understand until my Professor explained it to me. That made all the difference
Rhetoric, morality, feesAs J. Dillon explains in his excellent introduction, sophist teaching was `all about rhetoric, the all-conquering power of persuasion speech'.Why was (and is) rhetoric so important? Because Athens became a democracy and the ambitious and the prominent citizens had to sway the crowds in the assembly (now on TV).Rhetoric has nothing to do with morality (`it is not the teachers who are bad, but rather those who use it incorrectly'). Of course, sophists expressed their own views on mankind, religion, social issues or politics. Some were political ambassadors of their home country. Others played crucial roles in political upheavals and deadly conflicts.Another constant in their lives were the truly enormous fees they asked for their teachings.Individual assessmentsProtagoras of Abdera was a relativist: `Man is the measure of all things.' or, `The soul is nothing apart from the senses.' and, `Concerning the gods, I am not in a position to know that they exist or not.'Gorgias of Leontini was a pure rhetorician, searching verbal power through metaphors, figurative language, repetitions and apostrophes. His `Encomium of Helen' and `Defense of Palamedes' are superb texts.Prodicus of Ceos was a proto-Wittgenstein, emphasizing the correct use of language and words. He could be the inventor of the theory `that men deified all things that are of benefit for our life.'Hippias of Elis was a proto-Freud, stressing the antinomy between nature (individualism) and convention (culture, laws).Antiphon was another proto-Freud: `the advantages prescribed by laws are shackles upon nature.' He was also a staunch anti-democrat who masterminded the oligarchy of the 'Four Hundred'.Thrasymachus of Chalcedon was a proto-Nietzsche, for whom `might is right': `the just is nothing else than the advantage of the stronger.'Critias of Athens, Plato's cousin, was a real (not a proto-) mass-murderer. As the leader of the puppet regime of `The Thirty Tyrants' set up by Sparta, `he was outstanding in savagery and bloodthirstiness.' He supported Sparta's plan `to give Attica the appearance of a mere pasture for sheep by emptying her of her human herd.'Euthydemus and Dionysius of Chios were proto-Wittgensteins, stressing the ambiguities of language.Alcidamus of Elaea defended orality and improvisation. He was a true democrat: `God left all men free; Nature has made no man a slave.'The Anonymous Jamblichi defend convention against nature: `convention holds men and cities together.'General picture, actualityPart of the sophists' teaching is still very topical: `War, the worst evil to men, leads people to ruin and slavery.' And, `the common use of money is a result of trust; without mutual trust even a great deal of money would not be sufficient.'This book throws also a shrill light on the by some so much admired Spartan society. In fact, its citizens lived continuously in fear of their helots.This book gives an exceptionally clear picture of an important part of Greek history. It provides a deeper understanding of Plato's Dialogues and the works of the major playwrights.It is a must read for all lovers of Greek history and classical texts.
This is really a two star book with sterling qualities.You expect different. But the arguments aren't frankly as brilliant as the sophists must have been.Why not try to create your own arguments instead?This book focuses on historical realism, and does 'feel like a book' sort of.What it's missing is brilliance. If that's what you really need, there are better options. Like the Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (or many others). Some businessmen are worse, for no good reason.
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